Hearing protection devices (HPDs), such as earplugs and earmuffs, are essential tools in environments with harmful noise exposure. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 20 studies confirms that HPDs provide significant sound attenuation (SMD = 1.08), validating their primary purpose in protecting users from noise-induced hearing loss (Kwak & Han, 2021).

Importantly, this analysis found no significant interference with sound localization or speech perception, highlighting that well-designed HPDs can balance protection with functional awareness.

However, the correct fit and usage of HPDs greatly influence their performance. A CDC-supported systematic review emphasizes that fit-testing systems, especially when paired with personalized training, can markedly enhance protection.

Simple instructions alone showed little benefit, while extensive, one-on-one training significantly improved noise attenuation post-intervention (Morata et al., 2024). These findings support incorporating fit-testing into occupational safety standards and call for further trials to refine best practices.

Beyond workplace safety, HPDs have also shown value in clinical recovery settings. A retrospective study of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty found that those who used noise reduction earplugs had improved sleep quality and lower anxiety and depression scores compared to standard care (Wen et al., 2024).

This suggests that HPDs can provide psychological benefits in noisy hospital environments, promoting patient comfort and recovery.